Complementary and alternative therapies are health care approaches that are not typically part of conventional medical care. Complementary therapies are used alongside conventional medicine, while alternative therapies are used in place of conventional medicine.
View the current policy here: Commissioning Policy:
The previous policy only commissioned (paid for) therapies where there was clear evidence of effectiveness and not as standalone treatments. The new policy adds a requirement that any complementary or alternative therapy is delivered by a therapist who is registered with a statutory regulatory body.
Requiring statutory regulation may exclude practitioners in therapies where regulation is voluntary or not well established.
The new wording of this policy is:
- The ICB will commission complementary and alternative therapies when:
- There is robust evidence of clinical and cost effectiveness in relation to the specific clinical indication. This may be evidenced by a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommendation that the therapy be offered by the NHS. Where an intervention is offered based on a recommendation by NICE, the NICE guidance should be followed.
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- They are delivered by an agreed NHS provider as part of an existing NHS pathway of care (e.g. as part of end-of-life care; pain management; musculoskeletal services).
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- The training and practice of the therapist is regulated by a statutory regulatory body.
- The ICB will not commission complementary and alternative therapies as “stand alone” treatments either within or outside of the NHS.
Scope and definitions:
This policy addresses a wide range of healthcare services that are often regarded as being outside the scope of conventional medical practice and are often used alongside or instead of standard treatment. Such therapies tend to be non-invasive and non-pharmaceutical, and they often take a holistic approach to the patient.
The scope of this policy includes requests for:
- Professionally organised alternative therapies
- Acupuncture
- Chiropractic
- Herbal medicine
- Homeopathy
- Osteopathy
- Complementary therapies
- Alexander Technique
- Yoga
- Aromatherapy
- Bach and other flower remedies
- Maharishi Ayurvedic Medicine
- Meditation
- Reflexology
- Shiatsu
- Nutritional medicine
- Hypnotherapy
- Shiatsu Body work therapies, including massage
- Healing
- Counselling stress therapy
- Alternative disciplines.
- Anthroposophical medicine
- Ayurvedic medicine
- Chinese herbal medicine
- Eastern medicine
- Naturopathy
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- Crystal therapy
- Dowsing
- Iridology
- Kinesiology
- Radionics
This policy’s principles may be applied to other therapies with similar characteristics that are considered ‘alternative’ or ‘complementary’.
Complementary and alternative therapies are referenced in many pieces of NICE guidance. They are specifically recommended as part of NHS treatment pathways in the following pieces of guidance:
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Guideline
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Recommendation
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NG193 (chronic pain)
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Consider a single course of acupuncture or dry needling, within a traditional Chinese or Western acupuncture system, for people aged 16 years and over to manage chronic primary pain, but only if the course:
- is delivered in a community setting and is delivered by a band 7 (equivalent or lower) healthcare professional with appropriate training and
- is made up of no more than 5 hours of healthcare professional time (the number and length of sessions can be adapted within these boundaries)
or
- is delivered by another healthcare professional with appropriate training and/or in another setting for equivalent or lower cost.
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GC150 (headaches in over 12s)
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Consider a course of up to 10 sessions of acupuncture over 5 to 8 weeks for the prophylactic treatment of chronic tension-type headache.
If both topiramate and propranolol are unsuitable or ineffective, consider a course of up to 10 sessions of acupuncture over 5 to 8 weeks according to the person's preference, comorbidities and risk of adverse events.
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NG201 (antenatal care)
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For pregnant women with moderate-to-severe nausea and vomiting:
- consider intravenous fluids, ideally on an outpatient basis
- consider acupressure as an adjunct treatment.
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NG192 (Caesarean birth)
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Offer women having a caesarean birth antiemetics (either pharmacological or acupressure) to reduce nausea and vomiting during caesarean birth.
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NG71 (Parkinson's disease)
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Consider the Alexander Technique for people with Parkinson's disease who are experiencing balance or motor function problems.
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NG59 (low back pain and sciatica)
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Consider manual therapy (spinal manipulation, mobilisation or soft tissue techniques such as massage) for managing low back pain with or without sciatica, but only as part of a treatment package including exercise, with or without psychological therapy
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NG61 (end of life care for infants, children and young people)
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Think about non-pharmacological interventions for pain management, such as: *changes that may help them to relax, for example: *environmental adjustments (for example reducing noise) *music *physical contact such as touch, holding or massage
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NG211 (rehabilitation after traumatic injury)
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Provide a massage programme for scar tissue after healing, to desensitise the affected area and increase tissue mobility.
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NG222 (depression in adults)
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Group mindfulness and meditation are listed as treatment options for less severe depression
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CG61 (irritable bowel syndrome)
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Referral for psychological interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy [CBT], hypnotherapy and/or psychological therapy) should be considered for people with IBS who do not respond to pharmacological treatments after 12 months and who develop a continuing symptom profile (described as refractory IBS).
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Share your thoughts here: www.smartsurvey.co.uk/s/ComplementaryandAlternativeTherapiesClinicalpolicyquestionnaire/
Survey closes at midnight on Friday 26 December 2025.